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Imaging
Science
Densito Meter
/ DEXA
Sri
Gokulam
Hospital
has acquired yet another modern equipment DEXA for the benefit
of its Clientele.
DEXA is
useful both in determining bone density to diagnose Osteoporosis
and in determining the total amount of fat in the body
OSTEOPOROSIS
Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and
deterioration of bone tissue which leads to increased bone
fragility and risk of fracture particularly the hip, spine and
wrist. It is also known as the ‘ Silent thief ‘ because bone
less occurs without any symptoms.
DEXA helps to
find out whether the bone is normal, osteopenic or osteoporotic
.
Males above
the age 60 and females above the age 50 and females whose
menopause occurs before 45 years are prone to osteoporosis.
Excess use of
medications like Steroids, Anticonvulsants, Aluminum containing
antacids etc., Predispose to osteoporosis.
Other Risk
Factors Include :
·
Post
Menopause.
·
Prolonged sex
hormone deficiencies.
·
Removal of
Ovaries.
·
Nor enough
calcium in the diet
·
Limited
exposure to sunlight or insufficient Vit D.
·
Not Enough
physical activity.
·
Thin ‘Small
boned’.
·
White or
Eurasion.
·
Smoking
·
More than 3
cups of coffee, tea, cola per day.
·
Alcohol
OBESITY
DEXA enables
the physicians to determine the amount of fat and quantify the
regional distribution of fat in an individual and decide whether
the patient is under weight, over weight, or obese and to grade
obesity.
Over weight
and obese people run the risk of developing diabetes, coronary
heart disease, hypertension, stroke and osteoarthritis.
It is A point
to remember that the risk developing these diseases, is two to
three times more than of the normal population and obesity is
rightly called the Mother of three deadly diseases and thereby
reduces the lifespan of the individual apart from it being a
social stigma.
Obesity
should be treated as a disease and not a condition and it should
be treated on a war footing.
Beware of the
seriousness of the problem and prioritise getting tested for
timely treatment.
Whom do you
prefer ?
If you prefer
the slim model, you have made the right choice. Go ahead and
read on.
Obesity is a
chronic and extremely common reversible disease characterized by
excess fat. It develops gradually and often persists throughout
life. If untreated obesity emerges as a potent life threatening
and disabling risk factor. As a preventable cause of death,
obesity is second only to smoking.
PREVALENCE
Obesity has
already emerged as an important health problem in India. About
10% to 20% of the total Population are affected by Obesity. The
notion that obesity is a condition of the affluent and of the
developed countries is not true.
Also it has
to be considered as a disease and not as a sign of prosperity.
DEFINITION
Obesity is a
excess adipose tissue mass. Normal body fat content :-
Men -10-20%
of total body weight
Women -20-30%
of total body weight.
NORMAL
METABLOSIM
Food
(calories) is converted into energy and this energy is utilized
by the body for its activities. The unutilized excess calories
are converted into fat as triglycerides and stored in fat
depots.
CAUSE
Obesity
occurs due to an imbalance in energy intake and energy
expenditure. Energy intake which is more than energy
expenditure, results in weight gain.
TYPES
Central
obesity (Abdominal)
Preipheral
obesity ( Back & Limbs)
CLASSIFICATION
Primary
Familial
Secondary
Inborn errors of fat metabolism
Endocrine disorders
Drugs
Psychiatric disorders
ASSESSMENT OF
OBESITY
The methods
of assessing obesity in clinical practice are:-
Body mass index
Waist to hip ratio
Fat distribution
Anthropometry
CT or MRI for measuring abdominal fat
BMD for regional distribution of fat
WHO
GUIDELINES
Normal BMI 18.5 24.9
Over
Weight BMI 25.0 29.9
Obesity Class
I BMI 30.0 34.9
Obesity Class
II BMI 35.0 39.9
Morbid
obesity BMI > 40.
Obese people
are 10 times more at risk for developing disease such as
coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke, diabetes and
sudden death.
HEALTH RISKS
ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY
Central
obesity has greater risk of cardiac diseases
Coronary
artery disease
Type II
Diabetes Mellitus
Hypertension
Stroke
Dyslipidemia
Low
backache
Osteo
arthritis
Reduced
lung function
Reflex
disease
Gallstones
Venous
circulatory disease
Cancer
Infertility
Menstrual
abnormalities
SOCIAL
IMPLICATIONS
Obese people
are often ridiculed and face social embarrassment.
They are not
preferred for jobs or as spouses
BENEFITS OF
WEIGHT REDUCTION
·
Survival
increases by 3-4 months for every Kg of weight reduction.
·
Reduces risk
of developing diabetes mellitus by 50%
·
Results in
reduction of Blood pressure.
·
Reduces LDL
cholesterol and Triglycerides and increases HDL cholesterol.
STRATEGIES
FOR WIGHT LOSS AND WEIGHT MAINTENANCE
Medical
Nutritional therapy (Diet)
Exercise
Behavioral
therapy
Drug therapy
Counseling
SURGICAL
PROCEDURES
Bariatric
procedures
Liposuction
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